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Does biochar interfere with standard methods for determining soil microbial biomass and phenotypic

2 December, 2016

SoilBiology&Biochemistry81(2015)143e146

ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirect

SoilBiology&Biochemistry

journalhomepage:

http://m.sodocs.net/doc/23efe4faa6c30c2258019ee8.html /locate/soilbio

Shortcommunication

Doesbiocharinterferewithstandardmethodsfordeterminingsoilmicrobialbiomassandphenotypiccommunitystructure?

󰀁sarPlazaa,*,MarkPawlettb,Jose󰀁M.Ferna󰀁ndeza,AnaMe󰀁ndezc,GabrielGasco󰀁d,Ce

KarlRitzb,e

InstitutodeCienciasAgrarias,ConsejoSuperiordeInvestigacionesCientíﬁcas,Serrano115bis,28006Madrid,Spain

EnvironmentalScienceandTechnologyDepartment,SchoolofEnergyEnvironmentandAgrifood,CranﬁeldUniversity,CollegeRoad,Cranﬁeld,BedfordshireMK430AL,UKc

DepartamentodeIngenieríadeMateriales,ETSIMinas,UniversidadPolit󰀁ecnicadeMadrid,RíosRosas21,28003Madrid,Spaind󰀁nomos,UniversidadPolit󰀁DepartamentodeEdafología,ETSIAgroecnicadeMadrid,CiudadUniversitaria,28004Madrid,Spaine

DivisionofAgricultural&EnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofNottingham,SuttonBoningtonCampus,Loughborough,LeicestershireLE125RD,UK

articleinfo

Articlehistory:

Received13October2014Receivedinrevisedform11November2014

Accepted16November2014

Availableonline27November2014Keywords:BiocharErgosterol

MicrobialbiomassCPhospholipidfattyacid

abstract

Duetoitshighsorptionafﬁnityfororganiccompounds,biocharmayinterferewithextractionproceduresinvolvingsuchcompoundsusedformicrobially-relatedassayscommonlyappliedtosoils.Hereweassessedtheimpactoftwobiochars(derivedfrompinebarkandproducedat300and600󰀁C)atthreeconcentrations(0,12.5,and50gkgÀ1)inthreedistinctarablesoilswithcontrastingtexturalclasses(loamysand,sandyloam,andclay)onthedeterminationofsoilmicrobialbiomassCbyfumigationeextraction,fungalbiomassbyergosterolanalysis,andmicrobialcommunitystructureasdeﬁnedbyphospholipidfattyacid(PLFA)proﬁling.Biochardidnotaffecttheapparentconcentrationofsoilmi-crobialbiomassCandhadnosigniﬁcantimpactonapparentPLFAproﬁles.Bycontrast,theapparentextractionefﬁciencyofergosterolwasaffecteddependentonsoiltype,biocharproductiontemperature,andbiocharconcentration.Nonetheless,ergosterolcontentsofbiochar-amendedsoilscanbeaccuratelyestimatedbycorrectingforreducedrecoveryusinganergosterolspike.

Biochar,aloosely-deﬁnedC-richsolidproductderivedfrombiomasspyrolysisandintendedforuseasasoilamendment,isbelievedtobeahighlystablematerialthatmayaidinclimatechangemitigationthroughCsequestration,whileenhancingsoilfertilityandquality(e.g.Lehmann,2007).However,priortoitswidespreadproductionandapplication,moreresearchisneededtoavoidunintendedenvironmentalconsequences(Kookanaetal.,2011).Inparticular,itisofimportancetounderstandtheeffectsofbiocharonsoilmicroorganisms,inasmuchastheyplayacriticalroleinkeysoilprocessessuchasorganicmattertransformationandnutrientcycling.

Extractionoforganiccompoundsfromsoilsarethebasisofmanyimportantmicrobialdeterminations,suchasmicrobialbiomassCusingthefumigationeextractionprocedure(Vanceetal.,1987),thequantiﬁcationofthefungalbiomassusingergosterolasaspeciﬁcbiomarker(Ruzickaetal.,1995),andthecharacterizationof

*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:þ34917452500×950191.E-mailaddress:cesar.plaza@csic.es(C.

Plaza).http://m.sodocs.net/doc/23efe4faa6c30c2258019ee8.html /10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.010

themicrobialcommunitystructureusingphospholipidfattyacid(PLFA)analysis(Frostegårdetal.,1993).Biocharhasaveryhighsurfaceareaandsorptionafﬁnityforaplethoraoforganiccom-pounds,makingthemlessbioavailable(Smernik,2009).Forthisreason,wehypothesisedthatbiocharmayinterferewithextractionproceduresusedformicrobialmeasurements(Lehmannetal.,2011),therebyhamperingthestudyandmeaningfulinterpreta-tionoftheeffectsofbiocharonsoilmicroorganisms.Supportingthis,Gomezetal.(2014)observedsigniﬁcantdecreasesintheextractionefﬁciencyofarecoveryPLFAstandardwithincreasingbiocharapplicationratesabove5%.Nonetheless,theonlysystem-aticstudyspeciﬁcallyaddressingthisissuewasconductedbyDurenkampetal.(2010),whotestedtheefﬁciencyofmicrobialbiomassCandninhydrin-reactiveNestimationsusingthefumi-gationeextraction(Brookesetal.,1985;Vanceetal.,1987)methodinsoilsthathadbeenamendedwithbiocharandactivatedchar-coal.TheyconcludedthattheadditionofbiochardidnotdecreasetheextractionefﬁciencyofsoilmicrobialbiomassC.Ourobjectivewastoverifythisobservationinawiderrangeofsoilsandto

Cornell Daily Sun: Researchers Propose New Biochar Technique to Scrub Atmospheric Carbon …

2 December, 2016

“Plan B, in Woolf’s case, is to use a “Biochar-Bioenergy System” . BCBES involves using a technique called pyrolysis, the burning of plant material in the absence of oxygen. By doing so, half of the original carbon in the plant remains in the leftover biomass, now called biochar. BCBES has been proposed by Woolf and other researchers as a substitute for “Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage” , a similar method of carbon sequestration that captures CO2 from plants through combustion.”

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Research Details Developments Biochar Market By Manufacturers, Regions, Type And Application …

6 December, 2016

Market Research Globe is a proficient consulting company offering services associated to global market research. With assistance from ingenious database made by experts, it provides its customers a vast variety of customized marketing and business research solutions to choose from.

[Natalia Ladygina; Francois Rineau] Biochar and soil biota [English]

7 December, 2016

Avaxhome Hugest book archive. Knowledge is power, and your knowledge starts here!

Biochar and soil biota

Biochar, a biomass that is burned at a very high temperature in the absence of oxygen, has recently become an interesting subject of study. Biochar is highly stable and does not degrade; it possesses physical properties that assist in retention of nutrients in the soil. The use of biochar will undoubtedly have a significant impact not only on soil nutrients but also on soil organism communities and their functions. This book focuses on how the ecology and biology of soil organisms are affected by the addition of biochar to soils. It takes into account direct and indirect effects of biochar addition to soils, on the soil carbon cycle, impact on plant resistance to foliar and soil borne disease, interactions with pathogenic, mycorrhizal and saprophytic fungi. Special focus has been put on application of biochar to remediate polluted soils, taking into account possible toxic effects of biochar on soil fauna. On of the chapters provides extended information on the role of biochar in soil using isotopic tracing techniques. The chapters have been written by experienced and internationally recognized scientists in the field. This book will be useful to students and researchers in agronomy, biology, ecology, and environmental mangers from both academic as well as industrial organization — P. [4] of cover. Read more…

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Biochar Changes Shoot Growth and Root Distribution of Soybean during Early Vegetative Stages

9 December, 2016

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world biochar headlines 12 2016

Biochar: An eco-friendly fertiliser

10 December, 2016

This byproduct is known as bio-char, which is the environment-friendly alternative to the regular char (charcoal) produced by stoves in rural Bangladesh. These stoves are called top-lit updraft gasifer (TLUD) which are experimentally being used under a project by Bangladesh Bio-Char Initiative called Akha. Bio-char could significantly change the approach to agriculture in Bangladesh as food poisoning from fertiliser is one of the biggest concerns of daily consumersIn Manikganj, Monkhusi Halder has been using them for a few months and she sells the bio-char to farmers as fertiliser, making some extra cash along with dinner. Khorshed Ali, a farmer in Manikganj, was visibly excited about the new bio-char fertiliser. However, the major difference between the traditional and bio-char producing stove is that it only burns wood.

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The beautiful & efficient Enki biomass stove creates biochar as it cooks your dinner

21 December, 2016

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world biochar headlines 12 2016

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world biochar headlines 12 2016

Biocharproject

22 December, 2016

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world biochar headlines 12 2016

Global Biochar Market 2016 Growth, Forecast to 2021 by Trends, Shares, Value, Demand …

27 December, 2016

Market Research Report on Biochar begins with definition, application, classification, industry chain analysis, news analysis, region, revenue, forecast, demand, growth, trends and policy analysis of the market.

2016 Global Biochar Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world’s major regional market conditions of the Biochar industry, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia) and the main countries (United States, Germany, Japan and China).

Access Full Report With TOC @ http://www.fiormarkets.com/report/global-biochar-industry-2016-market-research-report-17998.html

The report firstly introduced the Biochar basics: definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain overview; industry policies and plans; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, capacity utilization, supply, demand and industry growth rate etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.

The report includes six parts, dealing with: 1.) basic information; 2.) the Asia Biochar industry; 3.) the North American Biochar industry; 4.) the European Biochar industry; 5.) market entry and investment feasibility; and 6.) the report conclusion.

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Table of Contents

Part I Biochar Industry Overview

Chapter One Biochar Industry Overview
1.1 Biochar Definition
1.2 Biochar Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Biochar Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Biochar Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Biochar Application Analysis
1.3.1 Biochar Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Biochar Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Biochar Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Biochar Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Biochar Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Biochar Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Biochar Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Biochar Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Biochar Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Biochar Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Biochar Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Biochar Global Market Development Trend Analysis

Chapter Two Biochar Up and Down Stream Industry Analysis
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Upstream Raw Materials Price Analysis
2.1.2 Upstream Raw Materials Market Analysis
2.1.3 Upstream Raw Materials Market Trend
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.1.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis

Part II Asia Biochar Industry (The Report Company Including the Below Listed But Not All)

Chapter Three Asia Biochar Market Analysis
3.1 Asia Biochar Product Development History
3.2 Asia Biochar Process Development History
3.3 Asia Biochar Industry Policy and Plan Analysis
3.4 Asia Biochar Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.5 Asia Biochar Market Development Trend

Chapter Four 2011-2016 Asia Biochar Productions Supply Sales Demand Market Status and Forecast
4.1 2011-2016 Biochar Capacity Production Overview
4.2 2011-2016 Biochar Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2011-2016 Biochar Demand Overview
4.4 2011-2016 Biochar Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2011-2016 Biochar Import Export Consumption
4.6 2011-2016 Biochar Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin

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world biochar headlines 12 2016